*ALEX WHITE PLUMEis Oglala Lakota and one of the founders of the Wounded Knee Bigfoot Memorial Ride (South Dakota) started in 1986. The nation needed a Wiping of the Tears ceremony after the massacre at Wounded Knee in 1890. The ride began because of the way our people were living; they needed change and a way that brought awareness to what happened to Bigfoot and his people at Wounded Knee. To see some of Alex’s work go to (www.oweakuinternational.org). Between 1986-1990, the ride was a Wiping of the Tears ceremony for the Lakota nation. There were 19 riders on the very first ride in 1986 from Bridger, SD to Wounded Knee, SD. The ride was called the Future Generation Ride after 1990, when the Wiping of the Tears ceremony ended.

*PAM PALMATER* is a Mi'kmaw lawyer and member of the Eel River Bar First Nation in New Brunswick. She teaches Indigenous law, politics and governance at Ryerson University and heads their Centre for Indigenous Governance. She is a spokesperson for IDLE NO MORE (www.idlenomore.ca) and appeared on FVIR Dec. 20, 2012.
IDLE NO MORE is an evolution, which protects the land, and water that honors and fulfills Indigenous sovereignty. Colonization continues through attacks to Indigenous rights and damage to the land and water. We must repair these violations, live the spirit and protect Mother Earth.

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Turning Away - Dougie Maclean